Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has transformed surgical procedures by enabling real-time neural function monitoring and minimizing nerve injury risk. Electroencephalography (EEG) plays a critical role in IONM, providing valuable insights into cerebral cortical function during high-risk surgeries. By monitoring brain activity in real-time, EEG facilitates prompt detection of cerebral ischemia, seizures, and other neurological complications, enabling timely interventions and improved patient outcomes. EEG enables anesthesiologists to adjust anesthetic levels to maintain a desired level of sedation, preventing awareness during surgery and ensuring patient comfort. This overview of EEG in IONM covers its applications, challenges, and future directions. EEG's role in cerebral ischemia detection, anesthetic depth monitoring, and seizure identification is discussed, along with the challenges posed by anesthetic influences, artifacts, and interpretation requirements. The future of EEG in IONM is also explored, including the potential integration of artificial intelligence and advances in wireless and wearable EEG technologies.
Keywords: EEG, IONM, ECoG, Electroencephalography
